Sulfonic acid group (SO3H)-bearing amorphous carbon/mesoporous silica composites were studied
for use as solid acid catalysts. Sugar-derived amorphous carbon with SO3H cannot catalyze hydrophobic
acid-catalyzed reactions, such as the dimerization of R-methylstyrene, because of the small surface area.
However, SO3H-bearing sugar-derived amorphous carbon supported on mesoporous silica exhibits
remarkable catalytic performance for the dimerization of R-methylstyrene. Under optimal conditions,
the selectivity of the composite catalysts for unsaturated dimers exceeds 98%. Structural and reaction
analyses revealed that SO3H-bearing carbon particles with large surface areas are formed in the mesopores
and prevent intramolecular Friedel-Crafts alkylation, resulting in high catalytic activity.
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