Appropriateness of affect or emotion communication is important in any communication setting. Individuals need to talk about and reflect on their emotional experiences. People use affect communication as a strategic means of communication to achieve their goals such as benefiting in negotiations. On the other hand, several researchers found that inappropriate affect communication may lead to undesirable outcomes for both the self and surrounding others. Despite that fact, very little is known yet about how people’s perception of the appropriateness of affect communication in given circumstances. This study investigated factors that influence people’s perceptions of the appropriateness of affect communication. Japanese male participants (N = 167) were assessed their personality for overall general feeling of trust, self-image, and empathy. Participants rated their perceptions of the appropriateness of communicating their affect in various situations involving combinations of nine factors, using the Display Rule Assessment Inventory which provided 7 possible responses. Each response was scored towards one of five expressive behavioral modes: express, deamplify, amplify, qualify, and mask. Multivariate analysis of variance with 12 factors, i.e. three personality variables and nine situation factors, was conducted on the five expressive behavior scores as characteristic variables. Ten factors were found to influence perceptions of the appropriateness of affect communication: valence of self-affect, valence of affect of others, social role, audience size, psychological distance, privacy, security, trust, self-image, and empathy. Some of the meaningful interactions between the 10 factors were significant such as the interaction between valence of self-affect and valence of affect of others. These results might imply the existence of implicit display rules of regulation of emotions regarding appropriateness. Discussion of the results focused on the interdisciplinary usefulness and implications of a conceptualization of the appropriateness of affect communication in various research fields including emotional intelligence.
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