Coupon tension tests varying with the type of structural steel and dimension of specimen were conducted in order to obtain the relation between uniform elongation and rupture elongation. Four types of steel materials (SN490B, SA440C, H-SA700B, TMCP325B) were selected and tension tests with a total of 125 specimen were carried out. Then, the characteristics of uniform elongation, rupture elongation and reduction of area were analyzed. Finally, a prediction formula for the relation between uniform elongation and rupture elongation was examined with the tension test data and a revised prediction formula was presented.